In addition to provide oil and oil cake, implanting canola has an important effect on fixing foodstuffs and reducing soil erosion. This plant has a high compatibility with different climates and different soils and causes more in the next years of cropping. Sarpole Zahab area exceeds to 1300 km2 which 36/6% of that has the slope lower than 3o.The average of annual precipitation is 428 mm, the average of temperature is 20o cg and 20 days freezing weather in a year. The city has a suitable environmental and climate condition for implanting canola. But its implanting during the years was hopeless.

Ectoparasites of various species of rodents were examined from Sarepole Zehab, Kermanshah Province Iran during 2005. This city is bordered with Iraq. A total of 139 rodents included 6 species of hosts were captured during all different seasons and examined for ectoparasites using live trap. The area of study was mainly plateu (70%) and mountanous. The hosts including: Microtus socialis, Mus musculus, Rattus rattus, Nesokia indica, Meriones persicus and Tatera indica. The 9 species of ectoparasites recovered included 3 fleas (Pulex irritans, Xenopsylla buxtoni, Nosopsyllus medus), one sucking lice (Polyplax spinolosa), two ticks (Rhipicephalus sp., Hyalomma sp.), and 3 mites (Lealaps nuttalli, Dermanysus sanguineus, Ornithonussus bacoti). Among all arthropod collected, the lice and flea had the most and least frequency, i.e. 77.7% and 4.4%, respectivelly. The data showed that the ectoparasites on some rodent hosts tend to prefer particular host body sites, and that some ectoparasite species sites may overlap owing to their inaccessibility to the host.

Increasing human tendency toward abnormal and often chemical inputs to boost food production, resulted in an increase of diseases and environmental problems. In such circumstances, the value and importance of production and consumption of healthy products is recognized more than ever. In recent years, the production and consumption of healthy food products free of chemical inputs has been growing rapidly. In the meantime, no study has paid attention to the green poultry (poultry free of antibiotics). This study aimed to examine the factors affecting the green poultry consumption in Sarpole Zahab city in Kermanshah province in 2019. For this purpose, Tobit model by Heckman two-stage method is used. Data and information were gathered through surveys and questionnaires by a random sampling method of 382 respondents from Sarpole Zahab citizens. Examination of final effect of Probit model variables showed that education, monthly income, indigenous and local green poultry, guaranteed labels, had positive effect on consumption of green poultry, while household size and high price variables, had negative effect. In addition, the results of the second phase of linear regression showed the positive effects of monthly income, the green poultry market, and government support for the production of green poultry by private sector.

Drought as a natural disaster creates most financial damage to agricultural community. Therefore, vulnerability assessment is a first step in drought risk management. The purpose of this study was to assess the socio-economic vulnerability of wheat farmers during drought in Sarpolezahab, Islamabad, and Javanrood Townships in Kermanshah province. This study used a survey design and collected data from 370 wheat farmers using multistage stratified sampling techniques. Face to face interview was used to collect data from farmers who experienced drought during 1386-1386. Socio-economic vulnerability indices were selected from literature review and pilot study. Vulnerability formula proposed by Me-Bar and Valdez (2005) was used to assess socio-economic vulnerability of wheat farmers during drought. Results revealed that Javanrood farmers had high economic vulnerability coefficient (3.37) whereas Sarpolezahab farmers were most vulnerable in terms of social indices (3.28). This study has implications for drought management in Kermanshah province. Based on finding, if drought mitigation is the ultimate goal of policy-makers, resource allocation for drought affected areas should be based on vulnerability level of farmers.

Issues including limitation of usable farming lands, soil destruction, greenhouse gasses effect, excessive dependency on non-renewable resources, malnutrition, and scarcity of food stuff, put emphasis on necessity of sustainability in agriculture. Therefore, an evaluation of sustainability achievement in agriculture is indispensable and unavoidable. The purpose of this descriptive survey research was to assess the agriculture practiced by sustainability of irrigated wheat farmers in Sarpole-Zahab Township, based on 12 indicators of DSR (Driving force- State- Response) model. The statistical population for the study was the irrigated wheat growing farmers in Sarpole- Zahab Township (N= 3712). A sample of 351 farmers was selected using cluster sampling method. To establish the validity of the survey instrument, a panel of faculty members at Razi University with professional experience in extension and sustainable agriculture reviewed the instrument. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to establish reliability. Results indicated that, in general, the sustainability level is very low. Based on taxonomy analysis, sustainability level in 75 % of the rural areas was from low to moderate. Regression analysis revealed that educational level, land under leguminous crops, area of land holdings, level of tendency to hire employees, membership in cooperatives, and age are the most respective important predictors of agricultural sustainability as regards irrigated wheat growing farmers. A utilization of under pressure irrigation systems, organic farming, increasing land under cultivation of industrial crops, as well as to diversify income resources are recommended for an achievement of agricultural sustainability. 

Introduction: Nowadays, not due attention is paid to the role of ambulance as a quick means of transportation in transferring the patients. Nevertheless, a fully equipped ambulance, especially in a critical condition, plays a crucial role in saving the life of patients with life-threatening diseases or with serious injuries. The Purpose of the study is to investigate of the ambulance status quo in the medical emergency hubs in three borderline cities (Gilane gharb, Gasre Shirin, and Sarpole zahab) of Kermanshah province in 1387.Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study is to examine the ambulances status in the emergency headquarters of three borderline cities (Gilane Garb, Gasre Shirin, Sarpole zahab) in the second 6th month in 1387 in Kermanshah province. The required data is collected from standard checklists derived from the Health ministry and Quality ISO 9002 questionnaire with respect to medical emergency. Following referring to the respective hubs, the investigator has collected data from existing files, observation and interview. To analyze the data, descriptive statistical significance (Mean, Median and Standard deviation) is used.Results: The finding indicates 30% of ambulances are out of order or damaged, whereas 50% of them are in order. Concurrently, 85% of them have technical problems and 20% of them are dirty, while 80% of them are clean. The three-mentioned cities have one MICU Ambulance with 50% technical problems. 10% of ambulance drivers do not have any information about their ambulances e.g., (stretcher, seats, car body parts, air conditioning system).Conclusion: The paper shows the available ambulances of emergency ward in the three cities (Gilane gharb, Gasre Shirin and Sarpole zahab) are medium. Thus giving training service to the ambulance drivers and repairing the damaged ambulances are top priorities.

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common post-event psychiatric problem that is very painful and stressful and threatens the life of the individual and society. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between active memory, anxiety, and depression with mediating psychological hardiness in people with post-traumatic stress disorder. Methods: The research method, according to the purpose of the applied type and the process of its implementation, is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all earthquake victims with post-traumatic stress disorder in Sar-e-Pol city. Among them, 191 individuals were selected as the sample by multistage random sampling. Data were collected using Dunman and Carpenter Active Memory Questionnaires, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory and Hardiness Scale. In this case, we have the following: Descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, percentage and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equations) were used for data analysis by SPSS 21 and LISREL. Results: The results of data analysis using Pearson correlation and structural equation tests showed that there was a significant relationship between active memory, anxiety, and depression with the mediation of psychological hardiness in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: Findings showed that psychological hardiness mediates the relationship between working memory, anxiety, and depression. Post-traumatic stress disorder is one of the most critical factors affecting the level of mental health promotion.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the adaptation ability of 14 olive cultivars in Dallaho olive research station under a completely randomized block design during 1383 till 1388 planted in 1379. The aim of the experiment was compatibility evaluation and determination of suitable olive cultivars to Sarpole Zehab environmental conditions. Vegetative and reproductive characters of olive trees were measured. Variance analysis results showed that vegetative characters like plant height, width and trunk cross sectional areas had significant differences between cultivars. Mission, Roghani and Sevillano cultivars had the high growth and Amphissis, Arbequina and Abou Satal had the lowest growth compared to the others. Reproductive characteristics showed significant differences between cultivars. Amigdalolia, Conservolia and Abou Satal cultivars had the highest fruit weight with 6.5, 6 and 5.9g respectively. Koroneiki and Arbeqina had smaller fruit weight than all cultivars. Fruit pulp percent was higher for Amigdalolia and Conservolia. Fruit pulp to pit ratio was higher for Conservolia, Manzanillo and Sevillano compared to the others. Oil content was low in most of the cultivars. Amigdalolia, Roghani, Amphissis and Zard had the higher oil content 21.34, 18, 35, 16.69 and 15.91% based on fresh weight respectively. Fruit yield and fruiting stability production was higher for Conservolia and Sevillano than all cultivars. In general, Conservolia and Sevillano cultivars are suitable for table olive use and there was no single recommended cultivar for oil production.

In order to evaluate adaptation of six Greek olive cultivars (Conservolia, Thiaki, Chalkidikis, Megaron, Agouromanako and Patrini), an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in Dallaho and Taroum Olive Research Stations during 2006-2010. Trees were planted with a 6×6m distance in 2005. Vegetative and reproductive traits of olive trees were measured. Variance analysis results for different characteristics showed that tree height, canopy diameter and trunk cross sectional area differed significantly at 1% probability level in both locations. Inflorescence number per shoot, flower number per inflorescence, perfect flower percent and final fruit set also differed significantly under Sarpole Zehab and Tarrom environmental conditions. Fruit weight was between 0.99 (for Thiaki) to 5.7 g (for Conservolia) in Sarpole Zehab and 1.81 (for Thiaki) to 10.7 g (for Chalkidikis) in Taroum. Differences among cultivars for fruit yield were significant, so that fruit yield of all cultivars was higher at Taroum compared to Sarpole Zehab. Oil percent in dry matter was higher than 35% only in consevalia and Chalkidikis cultivars in Sarpole Zehab while it was higher than 48% for all cultivars in Taroum. In general, all cultivars showed better performance in Taroum condition compared to Sarpole Zehab. Chalkidikis and Thiaki were suitable cultivars for dual and oil production, respectively in Taroum.

In this paper, the site conditions of the western parts of Sarpol-e Zahab were studied for their impact on the seismic waves of the Ezgeleh-Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake, which occurred on November 12, 2017. The aforementioned earthquake resulted in widespread damage in the town, particularly in its south-west parts. Although the first assumptions focused on construction issues or design weaknesses related to the buildings, the site effects should not be underestimated. Site effects are widely recognized as an important factor of seismic risk. Subsurface geotechnical and geophysical data in four different sites in the town fromthe north to the south of the western parts have been obtained, and used to estimate the local site condition on earthquake ground motion in the area. The ground response analyses have been conducted considering the nonlinear behavior of the soil deposits using equivalent linear approach. Fromthe results of this study, it was determined that the reason for the increase of destruction from North to the South parts of the region was the amplification of seismic waves.